Recent studies reveal significant differences in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and sex hormone levels between chronic antipsychotic-treated male (CATM) schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and healthy controls. Specifically, patients with CATM exhibit lower BDNF and estradiol (E2) levels, but higher luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), and prolactin (PRL) levels. These hormonal disparities are linked to cognitive impairments and SCZ symptoms. Notably, a significant correlation exists between E2 and BDNF levels, highlighting estrogen’s potential neuroprotective role. PRL levels were associated with negative symptoms, while BDNF levels were positively related to cognitive performance, especially attention. Despite these findings, BDNF levels did not correlate with clinical symptom severity, necessitating further investigation.

This study underscores the potential interplay of sex hormones and BDNF in SCZ pathophysiology, cognitive decline, and symptom manifestation. While CATM patients underperformed in all cognitive tests compared to controls, associations between elevated PRL and negative symptoms were observed. These preliminary findings suggest pathways for future research and therapeutic strategies targeting hormonal and neurotrophic modulation.

Reference: Li J, Xiao WH, Ye F, et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, sex hormones and cognitive decline in male patients with schizophrenia receiving continuous antipsychotic therapy. World J Psychiatry. 2023 Dec 19;13(12):995-1004. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i12.995. PMID: 38186728; PMCID: PMC10768483.