A review of 22 randomized controlled trials involving 1500 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder explored the use of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). While mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)-like programs primarily targeted stress reactivity and psychoeducation, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy-like programs focused on reducing negative and depressive symptoms and preventing relapse. Despite this variability, common mechanisms such as attention training, emotion and stress regulation, decentering, self-compassion, and cognitive restructuring were identified across the programs.

The review highlighted the limitations imposed by the heterogeneity of the MBIs, making it challenging to interpret the results comprehensively. However, recent trials showed fewer biases and more uniformity in their programs, suggesting potential benefits like reduced negative symptoms, increased well-being, and decreased hospitalization rates. The review concluded that, to optimize mindfulness teaching for patients with SSD, future studies should aim for more standardized and structured MBIs.

Reference: Böge K, Karadza A, Fuchs LM, et al. Mindfulness-Based Interventions for In-Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders-A Qualitative Approach. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:600. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00600.