Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disease involving complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. This article reviews the stages of schizophrenia and the historical modes of treatment for the disorder. The authors review the typical barriers to treatment and the evolution of understanding the disease itself through the use of pathophysiology, novel treatments, and the importance of developing objective diagnostic tools such as the DSM-5 or ICD-11 criteria.

Reference: Onitsuka T, Hirano Y, Nakazawa T, et al. Toward recovery in schizophrenia: Current concepts, findings, and future research directions. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2022;76(7):282-291. doi:10.1111/pcn.13342