Schizophrenia is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by chronic psychotic symptoms and significant psychosocial impairment. Its etiology involves complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, though no single pathophysiological mechanism, diagnostic neuropathology, or definitive biological markers have been identified. Various hypotheses, such as neurodevelopmental and neurochemical theories, have been proposed to explain the condition’s underlying neuropathology.

This review explores the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, highlighting genetic and environmental contributions, as well as advances in the identification of genetic loci associated with increased susceptibility. These insights provide a foundation for improving diagnostic approaches and clinical management strategies, offering a better understanding of the disorder and potential pathways for targeted treatment.

Reference: Zamanpoor M. Schizophrenia in a genomic era: a review from the pathogenesis, genetic and environmental etiology to diagnosis and treatment insights. Psychiatr Genet. 2020 Feb;30(1):1-9. doi: 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000245. PMID: 31764709.