Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), including mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), are widely used to treat physical and mental health issues. However, few programs have been specifically adapted for schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). This review aimed to compare different mindfulness protocols for patients with SSD by conducting a systematic search of studies published up to March 2023.

The review included 22 randomized controlled trials involving 1,500 SSD patients. The programs varied in structure, session components, duration, and instructor experience, with MBSR-like programs focused on stress reactivity and MBCT-like programs targeting psychosis symptoms and relapse prevention. Despite this variability, common mechanisms such as attention training, emotion regulation, decentering, self-compassion, and cognitive restructuring emerged. While the heterogeneity of the programs limits interpretation, recent trials presented fewer biases and more standardized approaches, suggesting benefits like reduced negative symptoms, improved well-being, and lower hospitalization rates. Future research should standardize MBI programs and explore the optimal teaching approaches, mechanisms, and treatment doses for patients with SSD.

Reference: Sabé M, Kohler R, Perez N, Sauvain-Sabé M, Sentissi O, Jermann F, Prada P, Perroud N, Böge K. Mindfulness-based interventions for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review of the literature. Schizophr Res. 2024;264:191-203. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.011.